彩61-彩61

来源：彩612023-07-19 17:48

推动党的二十大精神深入人心、落地生根******

　　作者：秦龙、李维光（天津市中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心天津师范大学基地）

　　基层宣讲是打通党的二十大精神学习宣传贯彻“最后一公里”的重要渠道，在推动党的二十大精神深入人心、落地生根上发挥着重要作用。切实做好党的二十大精神基层宣讲，重在及时总结实践中的好经验、好做法，在对象化、分众化、互动化相统一中增强宣讲的说服力、亲和力和针对性、有效性，推动党的二十大精神深入群众、深入人心。

　　以对象化宣讲提升亲切感、说服力、感染力。做好党的二十大精神基层宣讲，首先要解决好“讲给谁”的问题。一些地方增强受众意识，通过走进田间地头、厂矿车间、学校课堂，开展“零距离”“面对面”宣讲，回应基层党员干部群众所思所想、所需所盼，找准思想认识共同点、情感交流共鸣点、利益关系交汇点、化解矛盾切入点，让基层宣讲更具温度、更加解渴。一些地方注重在宣讲活动中把“书面语”转化为“大白话”，用接地气、冒热气的群众话语把党的二十大精神讲清楚、讲明白，用身边案例、可感数字不断增强基层宣讲的亲切感、说服力、感染力，让干部群众愿意听、听得懂、有收获，推动党的创新理论“飞入寻常百姓家”。

　　以分众化宣讲增强针对性、有效性、到达率。习近平总书记指出：“读者在哪里，受众在哪里，宣传报道的触角就要伸向哪里，宣传思想工作的着力点和落脚点就要放在哪里。”在实践中，一些地方积极探索分众化宣讲的有效路径。一方面，建强宣讲员队伍，发挥领导干部、理论工作者、行业先进模范等的各自优势，让合适的人宣讲合适的事、身边的人宣讲身边的事。另一方面，针对不同地域、不同行业、不同年龄受众需求，分层次、多维度、分阶段开展宣讲，做到“一把钥匙开一把锁”，因时因地因人制宜，“现实+虚拟”“固定+临时”“集中+分散”等方式并举，构建全方位、立体化基层宣讲体系，切实增强基层宣讲的针对性、有效性、到达率。

　　以互动化宣讲推动听得懂、能领会、可落实。习近平总书记强调：“要注意宣传群众、教育群众，用群众喜闻乐见、易于接受的方法开展工作，提高群众思想觉悟，让他们心热起来、行动起来。”一些地方着力推动构建网上网下同频共振、线上线下共同发声的大宣讲格局。在线下，同群众坐到一条板凳上交流交心，掌握基层干部群众感到困惑、迫切需要解决的问题，明确宣讲的侧重点和切入点，积极回应群众所想所盼。在线上，通过开设基层宣讲“微课堂”“公开课”，借助网络直播等形式，在有问有答、交流互动中增强宣讲活动的交互性和沉浸感，促进干部群众自觉把思想和行动统一到党的二十大精神上来，凝心聚力全面建设社会主义现代化国家。

彩61

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.